PMC

Dissociative and non-dissociative side effects (SEs). A) The sum of dissociative SEs per participant per substudy post-ketamine infusion across time. B) The sum of dissociative SEs versus Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) total score at 40 minutes post-ketamine infusion. C) The sum of dissociative SEs versus CADSS total score at 40 minutes post-ketamine infusion. Panel A illustrates the sum of dissociative SEs per substudy, as reported per participant across time. Time points varied according to study design evolution per substudy. Panel B illustrates the relationship between CADSS total score and the sum of dissociative SEs per substudy, as reported per participant 40 minutes post-ketamine infusion. Panel C illustrates the relationship across all studies between CADSS total score and the sum of dissociative SEs per participant at 40 minutes post-ketamine infusion. Because there were no data points at 40 minutes post-ketamine infusion in the KET-MDD study per protocol design, that study was excluded from panels B and C.

Correlation analyses between dissociative symptoms (DES total) and sleep disturbances (ISES total). The first scatter graph presents the relationship including only DID and PTSD participants. A moderate positive association with a weak effect size of 7% is presented (not significant), which indicates that as sleep disturbances increase, dissociative symptoms increase weakly, meaning sleep disturbances are a weak predictor of dissociative symptoms. The second scatter graph presents a correlation analysis between dissociative symptoms (DES total) and sleep disturbances (ISES total) including all participant groups (DID, PTSD and HC) (p≤ 001). A strong positive association with a moderate effect size of 32% is presented, which indicates that as sleep disturbances increase, dissociative symptoms increase moderately. It is found that the inclusion of healthy controls, skews the correlation, strengthening the relationship, which increases the effect of sleep on dissociative symptoms significantly.

DR cross sections for vibrationally relaxed SH⁺ for the direct mechanism only. Significance of colors: green for ground ion core (C₁) and one dissociative state (D₁); red for ground and excited ion cores (C₁ and C₂) and one dissociative state (D₁); blue for two ion cores (C₁ and C₂) and two dissociative states (D₁ and D₂); and magenta for ground ion core (C₁) and two dissociative states (D₁ and D₂).

Bar charts showing the frequency distribution of age at onset of dissociative seizures and duration of dissociative seizures in the current sample